引言：如果该“美国创新法案”通过，则是真正为留学生、企业家开辟移民快速通道，应当是10年来最大移民立法喜讯，该提案中不少条款与两年前未能通过的移民综合改革法案中的相关内容近似，虽然对留学生和企业家是大利好，而且申请条件宽松，但我们分析，除非美国国会能通过新的美国移民综合改革法案，否则单独通过的可能性不大。在此，兆龙移民特将原文翻译如下。

　　作者：玛利亚·施耐德

　　翻译：兆龙移民(转载请注明出处)

　　翻译原文：

　　上周，美国参议院提出了一项被称为“创业法案”的新议案，该法案将惠及移民企业家以及STEM(指科学、技术、工程和数学)领域的广大人群。创业法案规定新创立企业在美国创造就业，而企业家必须能够自由在美国工作并雇用员工，从而促进美国就业复苏。

　　创业法案包含了以下三点重大利好：

　　1. 给予STEM领域人群有条件永久居留身份。

　　在STEM领域拥有美国大学颁发的硕士或博士学位的外国人可以在持F-1签证完成学业后申请有效期限最长达一年的有条件永久居留身份(CPR)。CPR相当于临时绿卡，仅在一定的时间段内有效，且取决于绿卡持有人是否完成了所要求的活动。也就是说，在临时绿卡有效期届满后，申请人必须完成了所要求的活动，才能获得有效期限达十年的永久绿卡。

　　为了满足创业法案下获得CPR的要求，申请人必须“努力寻求”获得STEM领域有酬工作的就业机会。外国人可以获得最长达五年的CPR，且可以在五年期满后移除有条件身份并获得永久绿卡，或者入籍成为美国公民，但前提是申请人已经从事了长达五年之久的STEM工作。

　　2. 给予企业家有条件永久居留身份

　　创业法案规定，移民企业家可以获得最长达四年的CPR。满足以下全部条件的CPR持有人可以申请永久绿卡：

　　外国人持有F-1获H-1B签证

　　在拥有CPR的第一年，外国人：

　　在美国注册了新企业;

　　外国人的企业雇用了不少于最低限额且非其家庭成员的全职员工;

　　外国人投资或筹集了10万美元。

　　在CPR状态的最后三年内，外国人雇用了至少五位非其家庭成员的全职员工。

　　3. 取消国家签证配额限制和未用签证的转用。

　　另外，创业法案还提出利用三年时间逐步取消针对各国的绿卡配额限制，并将某一签证类别中的未用签证在其它签证已耗完的类别中转用。

　　英文原文如下：

　　POSSIBLE LEGISLATION: THE STARTUP ACT

　　by Maria Schneider

　　A new bill called “The Startup Act” was introduced in the Senate last week to benefit immigrant entrepreneurs and those in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. The Startup Act states that new companies create jobs in the US and that entrepreneurs must be free to work in the US and to hire employees to get the US back to work.

　　The Startup Act offers the following three key benefits:

　　1. Conditional Permanent Residency for Those in STEM Fields.

　　Aliens holding a master’s or doctoral degree in a STEM field from a US institution can apply for Conditional Permanent Residence (CPR) for up to one year after their F-1 studies conclude. CPR is a temporary green card, valid for a limited period of time and contingent on the green card holder completing certain required actions. At the end of the temporary green card validity period, the applicant must have completed the required actions to obtain a permanent green card, valid for ten years.

　　To qualify for CPR under this part of the Startup Act, the applicant must be “diligently searching” for an opportunity to become gainfully employed in a STEM field occupation. The alien can be granted CPR for up to five years and can remove the conditions and obtain a permanent green card, or naturalize and become a US Citizen after the five year period, provided the applicant has been employed in a STEM occupation for the duration of the five year period.

　　2. Conditional Permanent Residency for Entrepreneurs.

　　The Startup Act provides that immigrant entrepreneurs can be granted CPR for up to four years. The CPR holder is eligible to apply for a permanent green card if:

　　· the alien holds F-1 or H-1B status

　　· during the first year of the CPR, the alien

　　o registers a new business in the US

　　o the alien’s business employs at least full-time employees who are not members of the alien’s family

　　o the alien invests or raises capital of $100,000

　　· during the remaining three years of the CPR, the alien employs at least five full-time employees who are not members of the alien’s family

　　3. Elimination of Per Country Caps and Rollover of Unused Green Cards.

　　Finally, the Startup Act phases out the per country caps on green cards over a three year period. It also provides for the rollover of unused green cards.

　　原文链接：

　　http://blogs.ilw.com/entry.php?8464-POSSIBLE-LEGISLATION-THE-STARTUP-ACT